ABSTRACT
Objective::To investigate the anti-inflammation mechanism of Pien Tze Huang (PTH) via regulating microglia polarization. Method::The experiment was divided into five groups, Blank, M1[lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 μg·L-1+ interferon-γ(IFN-γ) 10 μg·L-1], M1-PTH group[LPS 100 μg·L-1+ IFN-γ 10 μg·L-1+ PTH 0.4 g·kg-1], M2 group[interleukin-4 (IL-4) 20 μg·L-1], and M2-PTH group[IL-4 20 μg·L-1+ PTH 0.4 g·kg-1]. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and arginine-1 (Arg-1) mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique(Real-time PCR), and the expression levels of p-STAT1, p-STAT3, iNOS, p-STAT6, and Arg-1 were detected by Western blot. Result::The concentration of NO and TNF-α of the culture supernatant, the level of iNOS mRNA, as well as the level of p-STAT1, p-STAT3 and iNOS in M1 group, which were significantly increased(P<0.01) .Compared with blank group, but the concentration of NO and TNF-α were down-regulated(P<0.01), and iNOS mRNA(P<0.05), as well as the expression of iNOS, p-STAT1, and p-STAT3 was decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) after the invention of PTH in M1-PTH group compared with M1 group. The concentration of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the culture supernatant, the mRNA level of Arg-1, as well as the levels of p-STAT6 and Arg-1 were significantly increased in M2 group when compared with Blank group, addition to the concentration of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were up-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of Arg-1 mRNA, the level of Arg-1, p-STAT6 were enhanced(P<0.05, P<0.01) in M2-PTH group compared with M2 group. Conclusion::PTH plays an anti-inflammatory role via regulating microglia polarization.
ABSTRACT
Ventricular remodeling (VR) can be induced by myocardial injury, leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being studied for more than 3 decades, current therapeutic strategies still remain unsatisfactory in effificacy, expensive, and with side effects and drug resistances. Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat heart diseases for thousands of years. This article reviews the published studies on the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of CM in VR. The major aspects include: mechanistic studies of VR, molecular biology and myocardial functional studies of CM therapies on VR, and mechanism of CM therapies on VR.